The Role of Adult Education in Womens Empowerment

National Report on the Development and State of the Art of Adult Learning and Education in Botswana Ministry of Education and Skills Development 2008 1 FOREWORD Honourable Jacob D. Nkate Minister of Education and Skills Development The Fifth International Conference on Adult Learning and Education (CONFINTEA V) has motivated the nation of Botswana to accelerate its effort in the provision of adult learning and education. That kind of action was necessary because we firmly believe that we must provide the best education for all the people of Botswana. The Government of Botswana did so by embarking upon policy reforms and by purposely reviewing actions and strategies aimed at meeting the goals set out in the two documents that were the†¦show more content†¦6 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ........................................................................................................................ 10 GENERAL OVERVIEW: THE BOTSWANA CONTEXT ........................................................................... 17 1.1 Introduction .......................................................................................................... ........................ 17 1.2 Botswana Context ........................................................................................................................ 17 1.2.1. Economic Situation........................................................................................................................ 18 1.2.2. Employment and Unemployment in Botswana................................................................................ 18 1.2.3 Poverty in Botswana..................................................................................................................... 19 1.2.4 Language policy in Botswana........................................................................................................ 19 1.2.5 Gender, Education and Learning................................................................................................... 20 SECTION IIShow MoreRelatedThe Role Of Economic Development As Measured Through Levels1485 Words   |  6 Pageschange the level of inequality such as education, culture, religion, democratization of countries, years of independence, and most importantly, economic development. (Dollar Gatti, 1999). 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The Canadian Health Care System - 2167 Words

The Canadian health care system is funded majorly by the public, with very few private donations. Over the past few decades acts of large-scale philanthropy by wealthy private donors have started to increase, due to the investments in social programs and infrastructure from the government declining. Without the aid of private donors and large sources of income from outside of the public (government) the infrastructure of all hospitals, clinics, and the totality of western healthcare systems would collapse and ultimately fail as the system is set up presently. There is an opportunity of keeping a healthy and happy society sustained by public funds, as long as the government is able to step up and provide the healthcare system with enough funds, making the donations from philanthropists an excess instead of a necessity. Debt is a burden that is implemented by those who own it. Debt is the punishment for any group or person that dedicates their work to only helping those in need. Debt can only be lifted by those with enough money. An employer helps an employee s debt in exchange for work, a student s debt is alleviated if the University grants a scholarship, a bank receiving a bailout from the government ; or a person/group giving money, donating money to something or someone else. The only way that there is no cost to the receiver, is if the money were given. Workers must work for there money, a student must succeed in school, and a donation must be to a certain thing andShow MoreRelatedThe Canadian Health Care System1111 Words   |  5 PagesThe Canadian health care system is often touted as a better health care system compared to the way the United States administers health care since the two neighboring nations appear to be economically and socially similar. The U. S. and Canada have extensive h ealth care systems for it citizens but each country has different methods to financing health care. 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Morally chaotic world In King Lear Free Essays

Shakespeare presents a variety of ways in which moral chaos is brought about, including the disruption of the natural order and the characters possession of typically corrupted morals, even going as far as questioning the morals of his own society. However, having different principles in a modern audience, we tend to have different interpretations of ‘moral chaos’ to that of a contemporary audience. In king Lear, Shakespeare arguably does create a ‘morally chaotic world’, particularly trough the notion of the ‘natural order’ being disrupted. We will write a custom essay sample on Morally chaotic world In King Lear or any similar topic only for you Order Now The betrayal of the children against their fathers illustrates a significant disruption of nature, as it was considered natural and necessary for children to have unfaltering obedience for their parents, particularly their fathers. When Cordelia publicly refuses to obey her father’s wishes, she goes against the true qualities of a 17th century daughter in the natural order and it is arguably this initial rebellion that causes the suffering and tragedy throughout the rest of the play. According to feminist critics, Cordelia’s refusal to flatter Lear can be interpreted as an opposition to Lear’s authority and thus a direct challenge to the natural patriarchal order of the seventeenth century, the short emphatic sentence ‘Nothing’ stressing this assertiveness. We also see this betrayal of the father in the character of Edmund. By claiming ‘’I find it not fit for your o’er looking’’, not only does Edmund feign innocence, but he also portrays himself with overt concern for his father, reinforcing his false virtue. Edmund’s initial silence makes his soliloquy in the next scene in which he exclaims ‘’Legitimate, Edgar. I must have your land’’ exciting and surprising to the audience. The audience is privy to the Edmund’s scheming which creates a sense of dramatic irony, however in most productions; the Machiavellian Edmund is played as a ‘suavely intelligent, rather dashing figure’, creating a paradox as he is clearly evil yet alluring to the audience at the same time. Illegitimates were problematic for the rigid early modern social structure and were viewed as ‘extras’ that society struggled to accommodate. Therefore to a contemporary audience, the poor treatment of Edmund would come as no surprise; however a modern audience would interpret such extreme views on illegitimacy as immoral. As modern critic Foakes comments, â€Å"Edmund is the most dangerous and treacherous of the characters. Yet, he begins from a cause that we cannot identify as unjust†, illustrating how to a modern audience, Shakespeare does create a morally chaotic world through the poor treatment of Edmund, as the seventeenth century societal norms are so foreign from that of ours. Lear’s abdication can also be viewed as morally chaotic, as it was strongly believed in Jacobean society that Kings were chosen by divine right. In Lear’s pledge to ‘’express our darker purpose’’ the use of the adjective ‘darker’ to describe his actions illustrates the unnatural nature of such a decision. In Jacobean society, a king was an agent of God, and so it was seen as God’s responsibility to decide when his reign should end. A king’s handing power down the throne was against the divine order, and it was believed that Satan, through various evil spirits, was responsible for all attacks on the divine order. In Macbeth, a similar play, when King Duncan is murdered, the natural order is breached and chaos ensues: the day becomes as dark as night, Duncan’s horses turn wild and eat each other and a civil war breaks out. From a New Historicist stance, critics such as Tennenhouse argue that Shakespeare illustrates what happens when there is a ‘catastrophic redistribution of power’, therefore promoting the oppressive structures of the patriarchal hierarchy. However, other critics suggest that the tragedies occur because of society’s already ‘faulty ideological structure’, particularly emphasised in the David Farr production through the skewed girders, broken windows, sizzling strip-lighting and the eventual collapse of the flimsy kingdom walls. Moreover, Shakespeare appears to be presenting a morally chaotic world through the way in which the characters can be seen as possessing seen corrupted morals, motivated purely by materialism as opposed to moralistic values. We see this in the elegant and superficial speeches of Gonerill and Regan who claim to love Lear ‘Dearer than eyesight’, the hyperbole in these statements highlighting their manipulative nature and greed for worldly goods. Their actions throughout the rest of the play prove the fabrication of these initial promises. Johnson comments that King Lear is a play in which the ‘Wicked prosper and virtuous miscarry’. I find this view accurate as the audience can witness how the Machiavellian characters such as Gonerill and Regan are rewarded for their materialism, and given total rights over the kingdom, whereas the virtuous characters such as Cordelia and Kent are punished for their honesty and moralistic values, consequently demonstrating a world of chaotic morals. Lear himself is presented as morally ambivalent, similar to Claudius in Hamlet, initially valuing riches and reputation, which were the very things that fuelled his disillusionment and moral blindness. The love test he uses to bribe his daughters with ‘the largest bounty’ can be seen as an obvious attempt to buy their love and consequently boost his self-image. His rash reaction to Cordelia’s refusal to perform, pledging to ‘disclaim all paternal care’ illustrates how his hubris stops him from being able to differentiate between his honest daughter and his deceitful daughters. It also demonstrates the way in which the antagonists exploit the hamartia of the protagonist, heightening the tragic nature of the play. However, towards the end of the play, Lear’s character undergoes anagnorisis and so he comes to possess more virtuous principles. In Act 3, for the first time he recognises the plight of the ‘Poor naked wretches’ that are forced to ‘bide the pelting of [the]pitiless storm’, the alliteration in ‘pitiless’ and ‘pelting’ demonstrating the extreme suffering endured by those in poverty. Through Shakespeare’s emotive lexis, Lear is presented as regretful, empathetic, and compassionate, which directly contrasts with his initial selfishness and fixation with worldly things, and it is this contrast that presents a sense of moral confusion. On the other hand, through employing moral characters that remain virtuous throughout the play, Shakespeare doesn’t present a completely morally chaotic world. Cordelia’s character is the personification of virtue and morality, creating a direct juxtaposition with the immoral, Machiavellian characters such as Gonerill and Regan. When required to bargain her love for rights over the kingdom, she comments â€Å"I cannot heave my heart into my mouth†, portraying her honest nature. The idiom â€Å"heart in your mouth†, which suggests nervousness or fear, demonstrates that Cordelia does not see any reason to fear losing the land, emphasising her lack of materialism and strong moral compass. Expanding on this, Lear later describes her tears as â€Å"The holy water from her heavenly eyes†, the alliteration of ‘holy’ and ‘heavenly’ stressing her virtue and linking her to the Gods. Foakes comments â€Å"The optimistic thrust of Edgar’s moralizing hints at the possibility of a happy ending. ’’ The play concludes with the moralistic character Edgar reigning over England, and although good characters such as Cordelia die, (which wasn’t received well by Shakespeare’s original audience), evil is ultimately eradicated whilst good triumphs. By the end of the play, Evil can even be seen to be eradicated by evil itself. Gonerill poisons Regan, and mentions in an aside after Regan feels the effects â€Å"If not I’ll ne’er trust medicine†, the secretive nature of this aside presenting her murderous and calculating nature. Shortly after, she commits suicide, which would have been seen as a great act of sin by a Jacobean audience, but ultimately evil defeats itself, evoking a rebalancing of morals and a move back towards the natural order. The play clearly descends from the embodied values of medieval morality plays, which was a popular form of drama in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. These plays present a direct conflict between good and evil, and ultimately the evil and chaos must be destroyed, and a moral lesson is learned. Overall, there are many aspects of King Lear that evoke a seeming moral chaos, however by the end of the play, as in all morality plays, the chaos is removed and moral order is restored, resulting in catharsis for the audience. How to cite Morally chaotic world In King Lear, Papers

Lucas V South Essay Research Paper Lucas free essay sample

Lucas V. South Essay, Research Paper Lucas v. South Carolina Coastal Council Charles Adams Problem: David H. Lucas purchased two beach front tonss on Isle of Palms in Charleston county in 1986 for 900,000 with purpose to subsequently construct one individual household place on each batch. The undermentioned twelvemonth when South Carolina conducted a study of the seashore line the rustlings showed that the beaches of South Carolina were critically gnawing. Due to the rustlings of the study South Carolina issued the Beachfront Management Act ( BMA ) . The act placed restraints on the use of land along the seashore line, and because the edifice line was moved inward Lucas # 8217 ; tonss were affected with no exclusions provided. When he bought those tonss the twelvemonth before that peculiar zone was non required to hold a license to construct. When Lucas went to construct the proper licenses were non given due to the BMA, and his tonss were deemed 95 % worthless. We will write a custom essay sample on Lucas V South Essay Research Paper Lucas or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Torahs: The Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972 Passed in order to protect the state coastline from eroding. The South Carolina Coastal Zone Management Act of 1977 Passed in order to protect the shoreline from eroding, preserve the beach and dune systems, and forestall farther coastal harm. And said that before building could take topographic point in any designated, environmentally sensitive # 8220 ; critical country # 8221 ; an proprietor had to obtain permission from the South Carolina Coastal Council. The South Carolina Beachfront Management Act of 1988 Passed to further implement the South Carolina Coastal Zone Management Act of 1977, and widen the # 8220 ; critical country # 8221 ; farther inland. Case: Lucas submitted his suit to the South Carolina tribunal of Common Pleas, and sued, avering that the Beachfront Management Act of 1988 had effected a pickings of the value of his belongings without merely compensation. The tribunal agreed that Lucas had suffered a entire loss of the value of his belongings and concluded that regulative taking had occurred. On entreaty, the South Carolina Supreme Court revised the determination, on the evidences that the BMA had been passed to forestall serious injury to the populace. Lucas petitioned the U.S. Supreme Court to reexamine the instance and the Court sided with Lucas stating that the Beachfront Management Act of 1988 had non been designed to profit the province in obtaining land for public usage, but was to forestall injury to the populace. The Court ruled that Lucas suffered a pickings, and that his belongings was rendered valueless by South Carolina statue and that he was entitled to merely compensation as stated in the fifth and 1 4 diamonds of our Fundamental law. Significance: Although the South Carolina Supreme Court decided that province ordinances were designed to forestall serious public injury, the U.S. Supreme Court held that when a belongings proprietor suffered a pickings, there were no exclusions from common regulation ( the Takings Clause and the merely Compensation Clause ) . Furthermore, when the province of South Carolina amended its original legislative act by including commissariats that might allow limited building, the U.S. Supreme Court held that belongings proprietors must still be compensated. Even when statute law subsequently renders the initial act less restrictive, belongings proprietors still suffer from the original effects of a pickings, therefore, merely compensation must be rende ruddy. ( Mikula 518 ) Lucas v. South Carolina Coastal Council Charles Adams Problem: David H. Lucas purchased two beach front tonss on Isle of Palms in Charleston county in 1986 for 900,000 with purpose to subsequently construct one individual household place on each batch. The undermentioned twelvemonth when South Carolina conducted a study of the seashore line the rustlings showed that the beaches of South Carolina were critically gnawing. Due to the rustlings of the study South Carolina issued the Beachfront Management Act ( BMA ) . The act placed restraints on the use of land along the seashore line, and because the edifice line was moved inward Lucas # 8217 ; tonss were affected with no exclusions provided. When he bought those tonss the twelvemonth before that peculiar zone was non required to hold a license to construct. When Lucas went to construct the proper licenses were non given due to the BMA, and his tonss were deemed 95 % worthless. Torahs: The Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972 Passed in order to protect the state coastline from eroding. The South Carolina Coastal Zone Management Act of 1977 Passed in order to protect the shoreline from eroding, preserve the beach and dune systems, and forestall farther coastal harm. And said that before building could take topographic point in any designated, environmentally sensitive # 8220 ; critical country # 8221 ; an proprietor had to obtain permission from the South Carolina Coastal Council. The South Carolina Beachfront Management Act of 1988 Passed to further implement the South Carolina Coastal Zone Management Act of 1977, and widen the # 8220 ; critical country # 8221 ; farther inland. Case: Lucas submitted his suit to the South Carolina tribunal of Common Pleas, and sued, avering that the Beachfront Management Act of 1988 had effected a pickings of the value of his belongings without merely compensation. The tribunal agreed that Lucas had suffered a entire loss of the value of his belongings and concluded that regulative taking had occurred. On entreaty, the South Carolina Supreme Court revised the determination, on the evidences that the BMA had been passed to forestall serious injury to the populace. Lucas petitioned the U.S. Supreme Court to reexamine the instance and the Court sided with Lucas stating that the Beachfront Management Act of 1988 had non been designed to profit the province in obtaining land for public usage, but was to forestall injury to the populace. The Court ruled that Lucas suffered a pickings, and that his belongings was rendered valueless by South Carolina statue and that he was entitled to merely compensation as stated in the fifth and 1 4 diamonds of our Fundamental law. Significance: Although the South Carolina Supreme Court decided that province ordinances were designed to forestall serious public injury, the U.S. Supreme Court held that when a belongings proprietor suffered a pickings, there were no exclusions from common regulation ( the Takings Clause and the merely Compensation Clause ) . Furthermore, when the province of South Carolina amended its original legislative act by including commissariats that might allow limited building, the U.S. Supreme Court held that belongings proprietors must still be compensated. Even when statute law subsequently renders the initial act less restrictive, belongings proprietors still suffer from the original effects of a pickings, therefore, merely compensation must be rendered. ( Mikula 518 )